Mustafa Kemal was born in 1881 in Salonica, Ottoman Empires. His father name was Ali Rıza Efendi and his mother name was Zübeyde Hanım. His sister’s name was Makbule. He went to Şemsi Efendi Primary School. Then he went to Salonica Military School. He was a hardworking student or school. He graduated from War Acedemy with the rank of captain in 1905. Mustafa Kemal appointed as the commander of Anafartalar Group and he won the Çanakkale War. He went to Samsun on 19th May 1919. Because he started the War of Independence. He opened the Turkish Grand National Assembly on 23rd April 1920. TGNA (Turkish Grand National Assembly) gave him surname Atatürk. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saved the country from invasion of the enemies. He founded the Republic Of Turaaa. He was elected the first resident of the Turkish Rebuplic. He died at 09:05 am on 10th November 1938 and his grave in Anıtkabir, Ankara Atatürk was a Turkish nationalist leader and founder and first president of the republic of Turkey.Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in 1881 in Salonika (now Thessaloniki) in what was then the Ottoman Empire. His father was a minor official and later a timber merchant. When Atatürk was 12, he was sent to military school and then to the military academy in Istanbul, graduating in 1905. In 1911, he served against the Italians in Libya and then in the Balkan Wars (1912 – 1913). He made his military reputation repelling the Allied invasion at the Dardanelles in 1915.In May 1919, Atatürk began a nationalist revolution in Anatolia, organising resistance to the peace settlement imposed on Turkey by the victorious Allies. This was particularly focused on resisting Greek attempts to seize Smyrna and its hinterland. Victory over the Greeks enabled him to secure revision of the peace settlement in the Treaty of Lausanne.In 1921, Atatürk established a provisional government in Ankara. The following year the Ottoman Sultanate was formally abolished and, in 1923, Turkey became a secular republic with Atatürk as its president. He established a single party regime that lasted almost without interruption until 1945.He launched a programme of revolutionary social and political reform to modernise Turkey. These reforms included the emancipation of women, the abolition of all Islamic institutions and the introduction of Western legal codes, dress, calendar and alphabet, replacing the Arabic script with a Latin one. Abroad he pursued a policy of neutrality, establishing friendly relations with Turkey’s neighbours.
In 1935, when surnames were introduced in Turkey, he was given the name Atatürk, meaning ‘Father of the Turks’. He died on 10 November 1938.
